This month, GSK's pentavalent meningococcal vaccine, PENMENVY, has been approved by the FDA in the United States. The vaccine targets the five major serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis that are prevalent globally: A, B, C, W, and Y. The vaccine combines the outer membrane protein from BEXSERO (B group vaccine) and the capsular polysaccharide antigen from MENVEO (A, C, W, Y group vaccine). Clinical trials have shown that the vaccine's safety, tolerability, and immune response in over 4,800 subjects aged 10 to 25 are consistent with GSK's previously approved meningococcal vaccines.Epidemic Meningitis (Meningococcal Meningitis)Epidemic meningitis is an acute purulent meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) and is classified as a Category B notifiable infectious disease in China. The disease is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact, with children and adolescents being the primary affected groups. The incubation period is generally 2-3 days. Clinical manifestations include sudden high fever, severe headache, frequent vomiting, petechiae and ecchymoses on the skin, and signs of meningeal irritation. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening.Neisseria meningitidis is the sole pathogen of epidemic meningitis, and humans are its only natural host. The bacterium is a Gram-negative diplococcus, characterized by a capsule and pili. Its main virulence factors include the capsule, pili, IgA1 protease, and lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Among